Who owns English? Or, for that matter, French or Portuguese? Thread poster: Maria Teresa Borges de Almeida
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Another interesting article published on “The Economist” (yesterday’s edition):
“As it spreads across the world, who owns English?
Or, for that matter, French or Portuguese?
What country does French belong to? The answer seems obvious: France, as it says on the label. But there are roughly four times as many speakers of French outside France as there are within it. Who does Portuguese belong to? You might now hesitate to blurt out “Portugal”, re... See more Another interesting article published on “The Economist” (yesterday’s edition):
“As it spreads across the world, who owns English?
Or, for that matter, French or Portuguese?
What country does French belong to? The answer seems obvious: France, as it says on the label. But there are roughly four times as many speakers of French outside France as there are within it. Who does Portuguese belong to? You might now hesitate to blurt out “Portugal”, remembering that Brazil’s population is about 20 times bigger than Portugal’s. Maybe Portuguese belongs jointly to them both. But then 70m people live in African countries in which Portuguese is an official language. Perhaps it belongs to them, too.
The English can be under no illusion that the language of the same name is exclusively theirs. The small matters of the other nations in the British Isles, and of the superpower across the Atlantic, make clear that it is joint property. But these countries—along with Canada, Australia and other Anglophone peoples—must at some point come to terms with the fact that, even collectively, their language no longer belongs to them. Of the estimated billion people who speak English, less than half live in those core English-speaking countries.
Every day, the proportion of English-speakers born outside the traditional Anglosphere grows. Perhaps 40% of people in the European Union speak English, or about 180m—vastly more than the combined population of Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In India, calculations range from 60m to 200m. Most such estimates make it the second-biggest Anglophone country in the world.
English-speakers pride themselves on the spread of the language, and often attribute that to an open, liberal-minded attitude whereby it has happily soaked up words from around the world. In the coming century, though, English will do more than borrow words. In these non-Anglophone countries, it is becoming not just a useful second language, but a native one. Already it is easy to find children in northern Europe who speak as though they come from Kansas, the product of childhoods immersed in subtitled films and television in English, along with music, gaming and YouTube.
Today, many learners still aim for an American or British standard. Textbooks instruct Indian English-speakers to avoid Indianisms such as “What is your good name?” for “What is your first name?”, or “I am working here for years” instead of “I have been working here for years.” A guide to avoiding Europeanisms has long circulated in European Union institutions, to keep French- or German-speakers from (for example) using “actual” to mean “current”, as it does in their languages.
Yet as hundreds of millions of new speakers make English their own, they are going to be less keen to sound British or American. A generation of post-colonial novelists has been mixing native words and phrasings into their English prose, without translation, italics or explanation. Academic movements such as “English as a lingua franca” (elf) have been developing the ideology that speakers—no longer referred to as “non-native” but rather “multilingual”—should feel free to ignore British or American norms. Karen Bennett of Nova University in Lisbon says the university website has been translated using words common in southern European English—like “scientific” for “academic”, or “rector” for “vice-chancellor”. The appropriate local dialect is not British or American but elf.
Given enough time, new generations of native speakers contribute not just words but their own grammar to the language they learn—from older speakers’ point of view, distorting it in the process. “I am working here for years” is a mistake today, but it is not hard to imagine it becoming standard in the future in culturally confident Anglophone Indian circles.
If this disturbs you, remember that this column is written in a mangled version of Anglo-Saxon, learned badly by waves of Celts, Vikings, Normans and others until it became an unrecognisably different tongue. And take comfort in the fact that such changes usually happen too slowly to affect comprehension in a single lifetime. Written language is less volatile than the spoken kind and exerts a stabilising force.
But if language is always evolving (true to the point of cliché), the adaptations are even more profound when they come as a result of new speakers hailing from different linguistic worlds. No language has ever reached more speakers than English. It is hard to predict how they will change it, but easy to rule out the notion that they will not change it at all. In the end, it will be theirs too.”
Good Reading! ▲ Collapse
| | | | Tom in London
United Kingdom
Local time: 00:26
Member (2008)
Italian to English
As everyone knows, the best English is spoken in Dublin. Not by everyone in Dublin, of course. You may have noticed that Eurocrats speaking English always speak it with an Irish accent.
[Edited at 2023-05-26 11:28 GMT]
| | | | | Let's determine who doesn't own it | May 26, 2023 |
I'd venture to say that a country/culture/subculture using a given language shouldn't be considered to own it when it significantly impoverishes it compared to the core variant. It may, however, be considered to own a pidgin derived from that language. Surprisingly, it can happen even to the titular culture: for example, Russian as spoken in Ukraine currently tends to be richer and less littered than Russian spoken in Russia.
| | | | Steve Robbie
United Kingdom
Local time: 00:26
Member (2017)
German to English
+ ...
"Academic movements such as “English as a lingua franca” (elf) have been developing the ideology that speakers ... should feel free to ignore ... norms."
This seems ironic, since the more people write English according to their own local preferences, the less it will be a lingua franca. English that evolves to resemble, say, Portuguese may be easier to understand for Italians or French-speakers, but harder for everyone else (not just us native speakers). Diversity is great, but standardization has its merits, too.
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Not really an oxymoron, but I can't at this moment think of a word for an incongruous combination of words that make no sense when put together, like "late orange", "sheep decelerator" or "impregnate xylophone". But surely "owning language" falls into this category.
However many articles are written, however many philosophical or political analyses of linguistic interactions and controversies, it's not going to make a blind bit of difference to the way English - or any other languag... See more Not really an oxymoron, but I can't at this moment think of a word for an incongruous combination of words that make no sense when put together, like "late orange", "sheep decelerator" or "impregnate xylophone". But surely "owning language" falls into this category.
However many articles are written, however many philosophical or political analyses of linguistic interactions and controversies, it's not going to make a blind bit of difference to the way English - or any other language - evolves over the coming decades or centuries (if we have that long).
My two penn'orth: A major influence is the homogenising effect of the internet, which will be amplified by the growing presence of AI (oh no! not that again!!).
And don't forget that Latin was the lingua franca of Europe for over 1500 years - and where is it now?
All things must pass. ▲ Collapse
| | | | | Post removed: This post was hidden by a moderator or staff member because it was not in line with site rule | Tom in London
United Kingdom
Local time: 00:26
Member (2008)
Italian to English
Q. Who owns English?
A. Whoever opens his or her or her or his or indeed their mouth, to speak it.
| | | | | Silly question | May 27, 2023 |
There is a clear consensus on what is correct English or French of any variety. I believe the French have strict rules.
As for which variety of English is correct, there is actually very little difference between them.
TiL isn’t actually Irish, Baran.
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